Headline, July 02 2026/ HEALTH : ''' GENES JOBS GEARS '''

HEALTH : 

''' GENES JOBS GEARS '''

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MEDICAL ADVANCES SET UP A CLASH between genes and jobs. Knowledge of health risks could raise issues that the developed world, say the U.S. guidelines just don't cover.

IMAGINE the scenario : At a routine visit, your doctor administers a new genetic test that shows you have a hugely elevated risk of a heart attack in the future. You're in shape; you feel fine, but the prediction is in your DNA.

The next day you tell your employer that your doctor wants you to make some adjustments - a switch to a less physically taxing role, or maybe lower your stress levels in an effort to save your life.

Can your boss legally deny you these accommodations? Under the current law in the United States, yes.

That's because the federal rules designed to protect against employment and insurance discrimination based on genetics were not written with this technology in mind.

While the Genetic Information non Nondiscrimination Act of 2008, or GINA, protects workers from being fired over their genetic test results, and the Americans With Disabilities Act protects those with active disabilities, neither law compels an employer to provide accommodations to help mitigate a person's future health risk.

THIS could become a problem, as a new type of personalized medicine called polygenic risk scoring becomes increasingly popular.

The technology uses DNA to estimate a person's likelihood of developing a specific disease. Legal and public health scholars worry that as genomic tools advance quickly legal frameworks are falling behind - in some cases leaving those who use genetic tests to outright firings.

'' These polygenic risk scores are going to become an increasingly part of your life,'' said I. Glenn Cohen, a professor at Harvard Law School in Massachusetts who specializes in the intersection of bioethics and the law and has co-written a report on the issue.

'' To me, it's a great opportunity to reopen questions about what the rules should be - questions that, from a policy perspective, are legitimately hard.''

To understand the legal lag, it helps to first consider how the science of risk prediction has evolved.

Many people thinking of genetic testing envision monogenic tests, which search for specific gene mutations that cause specific disorders like Huntington's disease or cystic fibrosis.

But polygenic risk scores scan for an array of variants throughout a person's genome, synthesizing the information into a cumulative estimate of their risk of developing a disaster like diabetes or cancer.

If a monogenic test is like a severed wire that cuts off sound to a speaker, a polygenic risk score is like a soundboard with dozens of switches that can combine to produce a dangerous frequency.

When GINA, the main statute that prevents genetic discrimination became law almost two decades ago, companies were barely able to map individual genomes at an affordable price. GINA was written for the severed wire, not the soundboard.

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