Headline, December 07 2025/ CREDIT : ''' SOLAR * STUDENTS SONNET '''

CREDIT : 

''' SOLAR * STUDENTS

 SONNET '''

'' MAY ALMIGHTY GOD BLESS YOU ! And see you in heavens : Esteemed Urdu poet Mirza Asad Ullah Khan Ghalib. '' And !WOW! rises to give poet Mirza Ghalib Sahib, and his work & memory a resounding standing ovation.

'' Jo Lee karzay pay mayn, to kahnay lagay yeh Asad.

Rung la-yage yeh Faka Masti apni.............. eik din"

SINCE 2000 - China has become a  financial powerhouse, with deep-pocketed, state-owned financial institutions and policy banks that have a mandate to fulfill Beijing's political ambitions.

Its overseas lending accelerated after 2013 under its top leader, President Xi Jinping, who used China's coffers to shell out more than $1 trillion in loans for infrastructure projects in developing countries through its Belt and Road initiative.

That sprawling program gave Beijing leverage in parts of the world that had been overlooked by Western powers.

This program has been criticized for creating unaffordable levels of debt and for directing contracts to China's own companies, which, at times, has resulted in problematic projects.

AS ONE OF THE WORLD'S MOST PROLIFIC LENDERS - China has paid out more than a trillion dollars in leans to the developing world to fund roads in Africa, ports in South America and railroads in Central Asia.

BUT the biggest recipient of its financing over the past two decades has been the United States, where Chinese banks have extended $200 billion in financial support to American companies and projects, according to AidData, a research institute at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Va.

The money poured into the construction of pipelines, data centers and airport terminals, and it helped to grease the wheels of corporate financing for U.S. companies like Tesla, Amazon, Disney and Being. By 2017, some of this financing started to raise alarms in Washington.

In all, Chinese state-owned firms have provided $2.2 trillion in loans and grants around the world since 2000, a figure two to four times larger than previously thought, according to Brad Parks, the lead author of a report that AidData released on Tuesday, which draws on information from more than 30,000 projects in over 100 countries.

Covering the period from 2000 to 2023, the study provided a fuller picture of China's role as the international creditor. It outlines how Beijing has used its financial resources to position itself in strategic sectors and establish potential supply chain chokeholds.

It touches on Most of China's finance deals that continue to raise concerns in the West, like the acquisition of Nexporia, a company recently thrust into the middle of a geopolitical battle for control of semiconductor supply chains.

Most of China's financing in the developing world has been loans to governments for big projects, but that has increasingly shifted to emergency lending as the borrowing countries have fallen into deep  debt.

In the developed world, Beijing's focus has been more commercial.- The AidData do not include China's $730 billion holdings in the U.S. Treasury securities.

More recently,  China has scaled back its lending to poorer countries, while extending more credit to wealthier ones like Australia and the United Kingdom. It now lends just as much to high-income countries as to the developing world - $1 trillion, according to Aid-Data.

Which country borrows the most from China? The United States.

The Honour and Serving of the Latest Global Operational Research on Debt, Credit, Development and Future, continues. The World Students Society thanks Alexandra Stevenson.

With respectful dedication to the Students, Professors and Teachers of the world. See You all prepare for '' Democratic Constitutional Convention '' on !WOW! : wssciw.blogspot.com and Twitter X !E-WOW! - The Ecosystem 2011 :

Good Night and God Bless

SAM Daily Times - The Voice Of The Voiceless