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''' '' SOCIAL*
SCIENCE SONAR '' '''
THE DOMINANCE OF MATERIALISM has made us humans subservient to vanity, lust, and self gratification. We are in the process of getting alienated to such qualities as altruism, honesty and modesty.
The triumph of matter over soul has created chaos, oppression, and hopelessness. This is the result of humanity's persistent failure to strike a balance between sense and soul or science and religion.
The history of modern science is rooted in the idea of finding the 'truth' through objective means. Nothing can be believed until there is scientific proof of existence, or until it can be logically accepted by the rational mind.
The ''pure'' scientific method that modern scientists use is simple : it involves empirical observation, deduction, induction, experimentation, and conclusions reached in a way that is completely detached from human and cultural elements. Morals and value judgments have no role to play in drawing conclusions.
The contemporary understanding of science, however, demonstrates science is a human activity, encompassing and subject to the whole spectrum and complexity of human behavior.
Emotions, beliefs, values and interests join the scientific 'enterprise' right from the selection of the problems to the funding of research projects and interpretation of results.
Modern scientists and philosophers including Kuhn, Marx and Hillary Rose contend that scientific decision making is basically a political affair, in which prestige, power, and ideologies play a cardinal role.
The issue of the relevance of Islam to modern 'scientific'' thinking is flanked on both sides by extreme positions. On the hand, there are Muslim social scientists that believe that integration of revelation and science is an abortive and impossible effort, for the former talks of reality in absolute terms whereas the latter regards knowledge of reality 'relative' and tentative.
Thus they suggest that Islam, or any religion for that matter, has nothing to do with theory building. This attitude is, however, the product of indoctrination of positivist empiricist science, which separates religion from science.
In this regard, the US National Academy of Sciences states, ''Religion and science are separate and mutually exclusive realms of human thought, presentation of which in the same context leads to misunderstanding of both scientific theory and religious belief.''
On the other hand, some Muslim scientists think that schism between modern science and religious beliefs in unnecessary, artificial., ideologically impaired, and the result of historical and geographical events.
The contradiction between religion and science comes either from misinterpretation/distortion of divine scriptures or the positive-empiricist limitations and paradigmatic hegemony.
Since 19tth century science was materialistic, mechanistic, and reductionist [Newtonian formulation], humanity was attributed similar characteristics. All this was done without serious reflection on how the subjective matter of social sciences differed, in a very significant way, from that of the physical sciences.
This type of confusing and different phenomena is called a ''category error'' which occurs when very different categories of the phenomenon are treated alike. The 'human realm' is different in considerable ways from the physical phenomenon.
The general agreement on positivist empiricist tradition as the foundation of knowledge was the bitter harvest of the unfortunate church-science conflict during the renaissance in Europe.
The scientists who were studying the physical phenomenon had considerable success in attaining certain knowledge about it. Hoping to achieve a compatible degree of success in the study of humanity, scientists or [rather philosophers demanded that the methods used in natural sciences be applied to the social sciences.
A human being, according to Islam, is not entirely a material being. Rather he'/she combines material, observable, empirical aspects [body] with spiritual, non-empirical aspects [soul], in an integrated, indivisible unity.
Human behavior is the result of a dynamic interplay between many forces. Social scientists can achieve true insights into the 'unseen' human makeup and its impact on individual and collective behavior by going back to revelation for guidance.
The Honor and Serving of the Latest Global Operational Research on Social Science and Rethinking continues. The World Students Society thanks author Prof M Zeb Khan.
With respectful dedication to the Students, Professors and Teachers of the World. See Ya all prepare and register for Great Global Elections on The World Students Society : wssciw.blogspot.com and Twitter - !E-WOW! - The Ecosystem 2011 :
''' Society & Science '''
Good Night and God Bless
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