Headline May 17, 2019/ '' 'LITTLE ANGEL -HISTORY- LITTLE MAN' ''

'' 'LITTLE ANGEL -HISTORY-

 LITTLE MAN' ''

ENGINEER AND FOUNDER Merium would bristle with emotions, narrating this horrible incident, when on their way back from school-

They swerved to avoid a construction sand mound, only to have a fully loaded truck go right over a sprawled, Rabo - who stopped long enough to dust off, and continue walking.

Their great mother, would stop long enough to get bleary eyed, as Merium would glance fondly at Rabo and struggle with her tears. I would fidget nervously, and begin the arduous task of changing the subject.

And then there is that photo, of Dee and Hussain posing with a rickshaw, as they go about their first launch. Who could have reasoned and known, what fate and destiny and history had in store for these great heroes.

FOR MOST OF WESTERN HISTORY : childhood was nasty, brutish and short, or even non-existent.

Before modern medicine and public-health standards, many infants did not live to see their first birthday - and if they did, they were expected to grow up at the double.

In the two millennia from antiquity to the 17th century, children were mostly seen as imperfect adults. Medieval works of art typically depict them as miniature grown-ups.

In 1960 one of the first historians of childhood, Philippe Aries, declared that in in medieval Europe the idea of childhood did not exist. Most people were not sure of their own age.

For much of the time newborns were considered intrinsically evil, burdened with original sin from which they had to be redeemed through instructions and education.

That changed in the 17th century, when children instead began to be seen as innocents who must be protected from harm and corruption by the adult world. Childhood came to be regarded as a separate stage of life.

John Locke, a 17th-century English thinker, saw the mind of a newborn child as a blank sheet to be filled in by its elders and betters.

A few decades later Jean Jacques Rousseau, a Swiss philosopher, argued that children had their own way of seeing, thinking and feeling and reasoning and should be left to develop as nature intended.

In the late 18th and early 19th century the Romantics went one better, crediting children with deeper wisdom than adults.

Parents relative lack of interest in their children in the Middle Ages may have been a rationale response to a distressingly high infant mortality rate, reckoned to have been around 200 - 300 per 1,000 live births in the first year of life, compared with single figures per 1,000 in rich countries now.

Many others were wiped out by diseases and accidents before the age of ten. Parents would not want to get too attached to a child who might not be around for long.

Besides, in the absence of reliable birth control, families tended to be large, so less attention would be focused on each individual sibling.

Young children were encouraged to take part in adult activities as soon as they were able, usually starting between the ages of five and seven, and begin to work alongside grown-ups as they became more capable.

In agrarian society they had always been expected to help out at home and in the fields from an early age.

In post-revolutionary America they were expected to become independent as soon as possible because labour was in short supply, which made the generations less hierarchical than in Europe.

The Industrial Revolution turned children into an indispensable source of income for many poor families, often before they were fully grown.

In Britain a parliamentary report in 1818-19 on children in cotton mills around Stockport and Manchester put the average age for starting work at around 11 and a half.

The Honor and Serving of the latest Global Operational Research on ''Childhood and History'' continues. The World Students Society thanks most graciously : The Economist.

With respectful dedication to All The Little Children, Grandparents, Parents, Students, Professors and Teachers of the world.

See Ya all prepare for Great Global Elections and ''register'' on : wssciw.blogspot.com and Twitter-!E-WOW! - the Ecosystem 2011;

''' The Family '''

Good Night and God Bless

SAM Daily Times - the Voice of the Voiceless