AFGHANISTAN IN ELECTION AFFIRMATIVE?

AFGHAN election campaigning kicks off amid violence, fraud claims.

CAMPAIGNING for Afghanistan's long-delayed parliamentary election kicks off Friday, as a crescendo of deadly violence and claims of widespread fraud fuel debate over whether the vote will go ahead.

More than 2,500 candidates will contest the October 20 poll, which is seen as test run next year's presidential vote and a key milestone ahead of a UN meeting in Geneva where Afghanistan is under pressure to show progress on ''democratic processes''.

But preparations for the ballot, which is more than three years late, have been in turmoil for months, despite UN-led efforts to keep Afghan organisers on track.

Bureaucratic inefficiency, allegations of industrial-scale fraud and now an eleventh hour pledge for biometric verification of voters threaten to derail the elections and any hope of a credible result.

It will be ''highly flawed'', a Western diplomat admitted to AFP this week, reflecting falling expectations across Kabul's international community, which is providing most of the funding for the elections.

The Independent Election Commission [IEC] has insisted voting will go ahead, with or without the  biometric machines that have been demanded by opposition groups to prevent people from voting more than once.

Only 4,000 out of the 22,000 German-made machines ordered have been delivered to Afghanistan, officials said.

''They have been promised [biometric verification] and they may do it, but will it be successful in dispelling the concerns? I'm doubtful,'' Afghanistan Analysts Network researcher Ali Yawar Adil told AFP.

''It may create a bigger mess.''

The research publishing will continue as the Election scenario unfolds.