7/25/2014

Apple eyes solar to power the cloud and iPhone 6 sapphire manufacturing


Solar manufacturing facility in Arizona just one part of technology company's wide-ranging plan to green its act. The skies are threatening to pour on the Apple solar farm but as the woman in-charge of the company’s environmental initiatives points out: the panels are still putting out some power. Apple is still greening its act.


The company, which once drew fire from campaigners for working conditions in China and heavy reliance on fossil fuels, is now leading other technology companies in controlling its own power supply and expanding its use of renewable energy.


After converting all of its data centres to clean energy, the Guardian understands Apple is poised to use solar power to manufacture sapphire screens for the iPhone 6, at a factory in Arizona. And in a departure for its reputation for secretiveness, Apple is going out of its way to get credit for its green efforts.


“We know that our customers expect us to do the right thing about these issues,” Lisa Jackson, the vice-president of environmental initiatives told the Guardian.


In July, the company invited journalists on a rare tour of its data centre in North Carolina to showcase its efforts. Until a year ago, the telegenic Jackson was the front woman for Barack Obama's environmental ambitions as the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.


Now she is leading the effort to shrink Apple’s carbon footprint – and make sure customers realise the company is doing its bit to decarbonise its products and the internet. Data centres require huge loads of electricity to maintain climatic conditions and run the servers carrying out billions of electronic transactions every day. With Apple’s solar farm, customers could now be confident that downloading an app or video-chatting a friend would not increase carbon pollution, Jackson said.


“If you are using your iPhone, iPad, Siri or downloading a song, you don't have to worry if you are contributing to the climate change problem in the world because Apple has already thought about that for you. We've taken care of that. We're using clean energy,” she said.


The company is also moving to install solar and geothermal power at a plant in Mesa, Arizona that has been manufacturing sapphire glass. Apple would not directly comment on the Arizona factory but the state's governor, Jan Brewer, has publicly praised the company's decision to relocate there and to use solar and geothermal in manufacturing.


“We are aware that almost 70% of our carbon footprint is in our supply chain,” Jackson said. “We are actively working on the facilities that we have here in the United States".


The initiatives mark a turnaround for Apple, which was criticised in the past for working conditions and the use of toxic chemicals at its factories in China and for its heavy reliance on carbon intensive sources such as coal to power the cloud. Greenpeace now says the company is out ahead of competitors like Google and Facebook, which also operate data centres in North Carolina.


“They are the gold standard in the state right now,” said David Pomerantz, a senior Greenpeace campaigner. “There are a lot of data centers in North Carolina and definitely none has moved as aggressively as Apple has to power with renewable energy,” he said.


The 55,000 solar panels tracking the course of the sun from a 400,000 square metre field across the road from Apple’s data centre in Maiden were not in the picture seven years ago when Duke Energy and local government officials sought to entice Apple to open up a data centre in North Carolina.


Duke Energy, which has a near monopoly over power supply in the Carolinas, set out to lure big companies like Apple, Facebook and Google to the state with offers of cheap and reliable power for the data centres that are the hub of internet.


Data centres, with their densely packed rows of servers and requirements for climatically controlled conditions, are notorious energy hogs. Some use as much power as a small city. In Apple’s case, the North Carolina data centre requires as much power as about 14,000 homes – about three times as much as the nearby town of Maiden.


Charging up a smart phone or tablet takes relatively little electricity, but watching an hour of streamed or internet video every week for a year uses up about as much power as running two refrigerators for a year because of the energy powering data centres elsewhere.


“What the data centres wanted from Duke was low cost and reliable power. Those two things – cost and reliability – are fundamental to their operations,” he told the Guardian. “What we like about these data centres is that it's an additional load on our system.” In the early days, Apple bought renewable energy credits to cover the centre’s electricity use. In 2012, the company built its first solar farm across the road from the data centre.


Apple built a second solar farm, and announced plans this month for a third, all roughly about the same size, to keep up with the growing use of data. It also operates fuel cells, running on biogas pumped in from a landfill. All of the power generated on-site is fed into the electricity grid.


The company has been less successful in its efforts to get other companies to switch to solar power. Duke, in cooperation with Apple, launched an initiative last year to encourage other big electricity users to go solar but so far there have been no takers.


Renewable energy accounts for barely 2% of the power generated in North Carolina, and Duke does not see the share growing significantly by 2020. Meanwhile, consumer groups accuse Duke of offering Apple cheap energy at the expense of ordinary residential customers and of blocking rooftop solar.


“We think Duke is actually trying to tamp down the solar industry in this state. They are accommodating big customers like Apple who want to do solar farms, but as far as rooftop solar or other solar developments they are doing things that hurt solar,” said Beth Henry, who sits on the board of NC Warn, a local environmental group.


One morning during last winter’s deep freeze – the so-called polar vortex – was a case in point, Williams said “With the polar vortex we reached an all-time peak in the winter time,” he said. “There was no solar on our system at all.”


What is clear is that Apple and the other big tech companies are in a race to control and clean up the cloud. Google uses renewable energy to power about a third of its data centres. Facebook says its new Iowa data centre will run entirely off wind power when it comes on-line in 2011.


Microsoft earlier this month announced a second wind farm in Illinois to power its data centres. That expansion of renewable energy on the cloud is likely to continue, Jackson said. “There is an opportunity in getting ahead of the trend to move towards being self-sufficient on energy and in using clean energy,” she said.


“It’s something our customers value. They ask about corporate values around things like climate change and we are really proud to be able to say that we acknowledge climate change is a problem and that more than just being a problem we are actually doing something about it".


(Source theguardian.com)

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